The use of anti-ROS therapies may help to create a microenvironment that decreases M1 polarization and promote M2 polarization and resolution of the inflammatory response. For example, exposure to bacterial products or cytokines (signaling molecules produced by immune cells) will. Macrophages can become polarized into either an M1 or M2 state in response to different stimuli. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that increased reactive oxygen species can perpetuate chronic inflammation through persistent M1 macrophage polarization and decreased M2 macrophage polarization. You searched for: Publication Year 2021 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2021 Subject macrophages Remove constraint Subject: macrophages Subject interleukin-10 Remove constraint Subject: interleukin-10. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory and help to fight infection, while M2 macrophages are anti-inflammatory and help to promote healing. M1 activation is associated with inflam- mation, tumor resistance, and graft rejection. Interferon-g and LPS are the major stimulators of M1 polarization, whereas interleukin-4 and 13 are inducers of M2 polarization. Results: Macrophages treated with hydrogen peroxide showed significantly increased gene expression of the M1 macrophage markers (iNOS, and IL1-beta), while demonstrating decreased gene expression of M2 macrophage markers (CD206) in a dose and time dependent manner.Ĭonclusion: These findings provide evidence that hydrogen peroxide can polarize macrophages to the M1 phenotype. /rebates/2farticle2f10.10072fs10755-0&.com252farticle252f10. Pro-inflammatory M1 polarization and anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of macrophages. M1 and M2 gene expression was analyzed using real-time PCR. Additional macrophages were treated with100 uM hydrogen peroxide for 5, 20, or 60 minutes. Methods: To test our hypothesis, Raw cells from the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 were treated with 0, 10 uM and 100 uM hydrogen peroxide for 1 hour. We hypothesize that treatment of macrophages with hydrogen peroxide will polarize the macrophage into M1 phenotype with induction of M1 gene expression and reduction of M2 gene expression. However, the role of hydrogen peroxide in macrophage polarization remains poorly defined. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide, are one of many stimuli that have the potential to polarize macrophages. Introduction: Macrophages play an essential role during wound healing and have the ability to dynamically transition between M1 and M2 phenotypes in response to signals from the surrounding microenvironment. Liechty 1 1Laboratory For Fetal And Regenerative Biology, Children’s Hospital Colorado And The University Of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,Department Of Surgery,Aurora, CO, USA